A Complete guide to Heart Arrhythmia Disease.

What are the types of Arrhythmia?

Atrial fibrillation (AFib)

This is the most common type of arrhythmia, affecting about 33 million people worldwide. It occurs when the heart’s upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly and rapidly, usually at a rate of 100 to 175 beats per minute. The irregular heartbeats can cause blood clots to form in the atria, which can then travel to the brain and cause a stroke. Symptoms of AFib can include palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort.

Atrial flutter

This is another type of arrhythmia that is similar to AFib, but the atria beat at a regular, fast rate of about 250 to 350 beats per minute. Like AFib, atrial flutter can also cause blood clots to form and increase the risk of stroke. Symptoms of atrial flutter can include palpitations, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort.

Ventricular tachycardia

This is a fast heart rhythm that originates in the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles), usually at a rate of 100 to 250 beats per minute. Ventricular tachycardia can be life-threatening if it lasts for more than a few seconds, as it can lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest. Symptoms of ventricular tachycardia can include palpitations, chest discomfort, fainting, and shortness of breath.

Ventricular fibrillation

This is a life-threatening arrhythmia that occurs when the heart’s lower chambers quiver instead of contracting normally, which can lead to sudden cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation requires immediate medical attention, as it can cause death within minutes if not treated promptly. Symptoms of ventricular fibrillation can include loss of consciousness, no pulse, and no breathing.

Supraventricular tachycardia

This is a fast heart rhythm that originates above the ventricles, typically in the atria or the atrioventricular (AV) node. It can occur suddenly and without warning, and can be caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, or certain medications. Symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia can include palpitations, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort.

Bradycardia

This is a slow heart rate that is usually defined as less than 60 beats per minute. Bradycardia can be caused by problems with the heart’s electrical system, medications, or underlying health conditions. Symptoms of bradycardia can include fatigue, dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath.

Heart block

This is a condition in which the electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat are delayed or blocked as they travel through the heart’s electrical system. Heart block can cause the heart to beat too slowly or irregularly, and can be caused by aging, heart disease, or certain medications. Symptoms of heart block can include fatigue, dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath.

It’s important to note that some people with arrhythmias may not experience any symptoms, while others may have severe symptoms that require immediate medical attention. A healthcare provider can perform tests and evaluations to determine the specific type of arrhythmia a person may have and provide appropriate treatment.

What are the causes for Arrhythmia?

Arrhythmia is caused by various factors that disrupt the normal electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat. Some common causes of arrhythmia include:

Heart disease

One of the most common causes of arrhythmia is heart disease, which can damage the heart’s electrical system and disrupt the normal rhythm. Conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valve problems can increase the risk of developing arrhythmia.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure can cause changes in the heart’s structure and electrical system, leading to arrhythmia.

Structural abnormalities

Abnormalities in the heart’s structure, such as congenital heart defects, scar tissue from a heart attack, or enlarged chambers, can increase the risk of developing arrhythmia.

Medications and supplements

Certain medications and supplements, such as beta blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, and some herbal supplements, can cause arrhythmia.

Electrolyte imbalances

Electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium play a critical role in the heart’s electrical system. An imbalance of these electrolytes, such as low potassium levels, can cause arrhythmia.

Sleep apnea

Sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep, can increase the risk of developing arrhythmia.

Alcohol and drug abuse

Alcohol and drug abuse, particularly cocaine and amphetamines, can cause arrhythmia.

Stress and anxiety

High levels of stress and anxiety can cause changes in the heart’s electrical system, leading to arrhythmia.

Genetics

Some types of arrhythmia are caused by genetic mutations that affect the heart’s electrical system.